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Anatomical Model

Anatomy & Physiology: Week One

Chapter One: Introduction to the Human Body

Anatomy & Physiology

  • Anatomy: The branch of science that studies the structure of the body
  • Physiology: The branch of science that describes how the body functions
  • Structure and function are closely related
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The Body's Levels of Organization

             Click to
    learn the Levels of         Organization

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Homeostasis

  • The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment.
  • Homeostatic imbalance is associated with various disorders.

Anatomical Position

  • Standing erect
  • Face forward
  • Arms at sides
  • Toes and palms directed forward
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Relative Positions

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Planes or Sections of the Body

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Cavities of the Body

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                  Click to
                 learn the
        Cavities of the Body

Regions of the Body

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Divisions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity

             Click to learn the
Abdominopelvic Regions

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             Click to review week                      one vocabulary

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Chapter Six: Tissues and Membranes

  • Histology: The study of tissues
  • Four major types of tissues​​

  1. Epithelial​

  2. Connective

  3. Nervous

  4. Muscular

Epithelial Tissue: Where is it Found?

  • Covers the body's outer surface
  • Lines most inner cavities

Epithelial Tissue: What does it do?

  • Protection
  • Absorption
  • Filtration
  • Secretion
  • Transportation
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Types of Connective Tissue

  • Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
  • Dense: tendons and ligaments
  • Cartilage: hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
  • Bone
  • Blood and Lymph

Location and Functions of Connective Tissue

  • Locations: In blood, under skin, in bones, around organs
  • Functions: connection, support, protection, fat storage, transportation.
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Nervous Tissue

  • Makes up the brain and spinal cord, and nerves
  • Two types of cells: neurons and neuroglia
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Muscle Tissue

  • Composed of cells (fibers) that contract to cause movement of a body part
  • Three types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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Tissue Repair

  • Regeneration: Replacement of tissue via mitosis.
  • Fibrosis: Replacement of injured tissue with fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
  • Keloid scarring: Excessive fibrosis
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     Click to review chapter 6                   vocabulary words

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Chapter Seven: The Integumentary System

Functions of the Integumentary System

  • Serves as a mechanical barrier
  • Protects internal structures
  • Participates in the immune response
  • Acts as a gland for vitamin D synthesis
  • Performs excretory function
  • Performs sensory role
  • Helps regulate body temperature
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 Click for an integumentary system review game

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Skin Color

  • Determined by genes, physiology, and sometimes pathology.
  • Dark pigment: Melanin, secreted by melanocytes in the epidermis. Melanocyte malfunctions: Albinism, vitiligo, moles.
  • Yellow pigment: Carotene, presence of melanin overshadows carotene's tint in most people.
  • Physiological changes: blushing (blood vessel dilation), pallor (blood vessel constriction.
  • Pathological changes: cyanosis (poor oxygenation), Jaundice (bilirubin deposition), bronzing (melanin overproduction), ecchymosis (bruising)

Sudoriferous Glands

  • Apocrine glands: usually associated with hair follicles: more active at puberty.
  • Eccrine Glands: Critical for temperature regulation.
  • Types of modified sweat glands: mammary glands (secrete milk), ceruminous glands (secrete ear wax)
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     Click to review chapter 7                  vocabulary words

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